Bibliography and Footnotes
A style guide to be used by all students at McKinnon Secondary College
when submitting written work based on research.
What Is a Bibliography?
Simply a list of the materials used to gain information, including books,
periodicals, newspapers, interviews, tapes and CDs, television broadcasts
and Internet sites arranged in alphabetical order, by author and/or titles.
It is important as a reminder to the writer and an indication to the
reader of where the information was found and it should contain sufficient
information for the reader to be able to locate the material listed.
There is no one correct way of writing a Bibliography or of Footnoting.
The following is an example of a Bibliography and the ways of writing
the entries:
BOOK
(information is taken from the Title page and the verso of the book)
Author's surname, Author's first name. Year of Publication. Title
. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher.
e,g, Burt, Jocelyn. 1989. The Kimberley. 2nd
ed. Ferntree Gully, Vic.: Houghton Mifflin.
If two or three authors, use all names, in the order they appear on the
title page
e.g. Splatt, William and Burton, Barbara. 1974. 100 Masterpieces
of Australian painting Sydney : Rigby.
If four or more authors, use the first name with " and others":
e.g. Green, C.M. and others.1990. Life in Australia .
London: Heinemann.
If no author is shown use the Title as the first entry:
e.g. Life in Vienna< . 1993. Amsterdam: Time Life.
Note: Place of publication - where more than one place of publication
is named use first named.
e.g. Rigby, Sydney, Auckland use Sydney.: Rigby
Do not use countries as place of publication if the city is named.
e.g. Sydney ; Rigby is preferred to Australia: Rigby
If in doubt about the date of publication use the copyright date.
Edition information is given only for 2nd and subsequent editions,
thus 1st edition is never written.
Periodical Article
Author's surname, Author's first name. Year of publication. "Title of article
". Title of Periodical . Issue no. or Volume or Date. Page numbers.
e.g. Gore, Rick. 1976 . "The awesome worlds within a cell ".
National Geographic . Vol. 150, No.3, September . pp 355-395.
Newspaper Article
Author's surname, Author's first name. Year of publication. "Title of article".
Title of Newspaper . Date. Page number/s.
e.g. Darby, Andrew . 1991. "Australians score first with the
'buckyball'". The Age. 15th June. p 1.
Note: If no author is given use the "Title of the Article" as the
first entry.
Interview
Interviewer's surname, Interviewer's first name. Year. "Title of Interview".
Date.
e.g. Bowditch, Emma. 1991. "Interview with Eric Envy about
his painting". 3rd April.
Television Program
The name of the particular program must be given, the Television Network
on which it was broadcast, and the date of presentation:
e.g. Hinch, Derryn. 1991 ."Interview with Madonna". 60 Minutes.
Southern Cross Television, 24th May.
Or it might only be possible to give a title to the program:
e.g. "Earthworms" . Quantum. 1991. ABC, 15th
July.
or "Unemployment". 7 p.m. News. 1991. ABC, 27th May.
Video or Film
Follow the general principles including such information as is available.
Also include, in brackets, the type of medium e.g. (video).
United Nations Development Program . 1996. Desertification.
(video)
or Australia's Balance of Payments and Foreign Debt. Western
Australia : VET Publications. (video)
Audiocassette or CD
Again, follow the general principles, including information available
e.g. A Graveyard of Ghost Tales : told by Vincent Price.
Caedmon. (audiocassette).
or Radio Symphony Orchestra Ljubljana. 1988. Pjotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
(1840-1893). Belgium : Digital (CD)
CD-ROM
e.g. Encarta Encyclopedia 97. 1997. Microsoft Corporation.
(CD-ROM)
Internet
Author's name. Year of publication. "Title of item". Title of complete
work . Date
[Not all of this information may be available.]
Full http address (URL). Date of visit to site. [ These last two pieces
of information are essential]
e.g. Pearce, Linda. 1997. "Sampras proves a nightmare for Scud".
Sunday Age. 21 September.
http://www.theage.com.au/daily/970921/sport/sport2.html. 22/ 9/ 97
or Earth.
http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/nineplanets/nineplanets/earth.html. 23/
9/ 97
Footnotes
These are used to indicate the source of a fact, opinion or a quotation
used.
Direct quotes should be in inverted commas; summarized opinion should
also be acknowledged.
The Author Date system places the author’s surname, the year
of publication and the relevant page number in the text in brackets directly
following the opinion or quotation used.
e.g. Congress must be independent in order to be able to respond
to public opinion (McKay 1989 p.17)
or "From sex roles to intellectual skills, the family affects most
aspects of behavioural development. " (Schell 1983 p.78)
For publications by two or three authors, give all names
e.g. (Lawrence and Newton 1996 p.163) or (Lawrence, Newton and
Forbes 1996 p.457)
For more than three authors, give the first author and "et. al."
e.g. (Lawrence et al 1995 p. 875)
If no author is given, a brief title is used.
e.g. "Gothic detail was reserved for doors, windows and occasionally
gables."(Britannica 1953 p.1793)
Most Important
Full bibliographic information for each of the source materials used must
then be included in your Bibliography.
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